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| false_parcelar [2024/07/29 22:30] – [Tanda-Tanda Panduan (False Parcelar = Bukit Panjang / Bukit Cherakah)] sazli | false_parcelar [2024/07/29 22:50] (kini) – [1970: Bukit Cherakah] sazli |
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| When you can just discern Salangore Hill from the deck bearing S.E. by E. or S.E. by E. ½ E. you will have then 10 or 11 fathoms, green ooze, with small broken oyster-shells, at 5 or 6 miles from the nearest shore. The course along shore is about S. S. E. 14 or 15 miles. The soundings on the shoal are from 6 to 3½, 5, 4 and 6½ fathoms, with overfalls of 1,2,3 fathoms at a cast; as you deepen, you will have soft ground, and the contrary as you are shoaling. When you have sailed the above mentioned distance, allowing for the tides, Parcelar true hill will be seen from the deck bearing E.S.E. ½ E. distance from the nearest shore 7 or 8 miles, in 14 or 15 fathoms, soft ground. \\ | When you can just discern Salangore Hill from the deck bearing S.E. by E. or S.E. by E. ½ E. you will have then 10 or 11 fathoms, green ooze, with small broken oyster-shells, at 5 or 6 miles from the nearest shore. The course along shore is about S. S. E. 14 or 15 miles. The soundings on the shoal are from 6 to 3½, 5, 4 and 6½ fathoms, with overfalls of 1,2,3 fathoms at a cast; as you deepen, you will have soft ground, and the contrary as you are shoaling. When you have sailed the above mentioned distance, allowing for the tides, Parcelar true hill will be seen from the deck bearing E.S.E. ½ E. distance from the nearest shore 7 or 8 miles, in 14 or 15 fathoms, soft ground. \\ |
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| You may make use likewise of the following instructions to go without this shoal. When you see the False Hill bearing S.E. by E. or S.E. by E. 1/4 E. from the deck, steer off shore to the southward, until you lose sight of the white sandy beach from the taffarel; then steer to the S.E. along shore, taking care not to raise the white beach, and that will carry you clear without the shoal, in soundings not less than 8 or 9 fathoms. When you have run the above mentioned distance to the S.S. Eastward, you may then with safety raise the beach, or borrow on the shore; but come not under 8 or 7 fathoms, soft ground, as it shoals very fast from that depth until you are past Tanjong Awat."// | You may make use likewise of the following instructions to go without this shoal. When you see the False Hill bearing S.E. by E. or S.E. by E. ¼ E. from the deck, steer off shore to the southward, until you lose sight of the white sandy beach from the taffarel; then steer to the S.E. along shore, taking care not to raise the white beach, and that will carry you clear without the shoal, in soundings not less than 8 or 9 fathoms. When you have run the above mentioned distance to the S.S. Eastward, you may then with safety raise the beach, or borrow on the shore; but come not under 8 or 7 fathoms, soft ground, as it shoals very fast from that depth until you are past Tanjong Awat."// |
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| (Sumber: Joseph Huddart, 1801: {{ :lampiran:orientalnavigator.pdf ||}}[[https://archive.org/details/orientalnavigat00huddgoog/page/338/mode/2up|"The oriental navigator, or, New directions for sailing to and from the East Indies : also for the use of ships trading in the Indian and China seas to New Holland, &c. &c."]], m.s. 339). | (Sumber: Joseph Huddart, 1801: {{ :lampiran:orientalnavigator.pdf ||}}[[https://archive.org/details/orientalnavigat00huddgoog/page/338/mode/2up|"The oriental navigator, or, New directions for sailing to and from the East Indies : also for the use of ships trading in the Indian and China seas to New Holland, &c. &c."]], m.s. 339). |
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| {{:peta:peta-falseparcelar-1796.png?450|}}{{:peta:peta-falseparcelar-bktjeram-1904.png?450|}} \\ | {{:peta:peta-falseparcelar-1796.png?450|}}{{:peta:peta-falseparcelar-bktjeram-1904.png?450|}} \\ |
| Menelusuri panduan belayar masuk ke Selat Klang dari utara, di dalam peta tahun 1796 oleh Mons. d'Apres de Mannevillette ini, sebuah bukit yang ditandakan di sebelah kepulauan "Bottle Islands" itu kemungkinan adalah Bukit Jeram. Namun ia atau False Parcelar tidak ditandakan di dalamnya: //"Directions for the Straits of Colong: Laying in Salangor Road with the Hill E.N.E. in 6 Fms you see the Goose Islands S ½ E and the Bottle Islands S.E. Steer so as to keep in Mid-Channel in 8 or 9 Fms & work from 17 to 5 or 6 Fms on the Malay Shore taking care of a Reef of Rocks W 3/4 S from Bottle Islands. When you are abreast of these Islands, the Mouth of the Straits hears S.E. by S which Steer for allowing for the Tides."// \\ | Menelusuri panduan belayar masuk ke Selat Klang dari utara, di dalam peta tahun 1796 oleh Mons. d'Apres de Mannevillette ini, sebuah bukit yang ditandakan di sebelah kepulauan "Bottle Islands" itu kemungkinan adalah Bukit Jeram. Namun ia atau False Parcelar tidak ditandakan di dalamnya: //"Directions for the Straits of Colong: Laying in Salangor Road with the Hill E.N.E. in 6 Fms you see the Goose Islands S ½ E and the Bottle Islands S.E. Steer so as to keep in Mid-Channel in 8 or 9 Fms & work from 17 to 5 or 6 Fms on the Malay Shore taking care of a Reef of Rocks W ¾ S from Bottle Islands. When you are abreast of these Islands, the Mouth of the Straits hears S.E. by S which Steer for allowing for the Tides."// \\ |
| **Kiri**: Peta tahun 1796 oleh Mons. d'Apres de Mannevillette: //"Plan of Salangor, and of the Coast of Malaya, from Point Caran to Parcelar Hill, including The Straits of Colong, by Mons. d'Apres de Mannevillette. Corrected and Improved from an English Draught. ... London. Printed for Rob. Laurie and J. Whittle, No. 53, Fleet Street. March 1st 1796."// (Après de Mannevillette, Jean-Baptiste-Nicolas-Denis d' & Wellesley, Richard Wellesley & Stephenson, John & Heather, William & Horsburgh, James & Heather and Williams & Robert Laurie and James Whittle. (1799): [[http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-368781110|The country trade East-India pilot, for the navigation of the East-Indies and oriental seas, within the limits of the East-India Company, extending from the Cape of Good Hope to China, New Holland and New Zeeland, with the Red Sea, Gulf of Persia, Bay of Bengal, and China Seas]], m.s. 58).\\ | **Kiri**: Peta tahun 1796 oleh Mons. d'Apres de Mannevillette: //"Plan of Salangor, and of the Coast of Malaya, from Point Caran to Parcelar Hill, including The Straits of Colong, by Mons. d'Apres de Mannevillette. Corrected and Improved from an English Draught. ... London. Printed for Rob. Laurie and J. Whittle, No. 53, Fleet Street. March 1st 1796."// (Après de Mannevillette, Jean-Baptiste-Nicolas-Denis d' & Wellesley, Richard Wellesley & Stephenson, John & Heather, William & Horsburgh, James & Heather and Williams & Robert Laurie and James Whittle. (1799): [[http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-368781110|The country trade East-India pilot, for the navigation of the East-Indies and oriental seas, within the limits of the East-India Company, extending from the Cape of Good Hope to China, New Holland and New Zeeland, with the Red Sea, Gulf of Persia, Bay of Bengal, and China Seas]], m.s. 58).\\ |
| **Kanan**: Peta tahun 1904 oleh W.T. Wood, sebagai perbandingan. Beliau menandakan False Parcelar sebagai Bukit Cherakah, beberapa km ke dalam dari Bukit Jeram (Edinburgh Geographical Institute, 1904 @ Yale University Library - Digital Collections: {{ :laman:selangor_federated_malay_states_1904_john_bartholomew_co_w.t._wood_chief_draftman._-_yale_university_library.pdf ||}}[[https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/15827242|"Selangor, Federated Malay States, 1904 / John Bartholomew & Co ; W.T. Wood, chief draftman"]]).\\ | **Kanan**: Peta tahun 1904 oleh W.T. Wood, sebagai perbandingan. Beliau menandakan False Parcelar sebagai Bukit Cherakah, beberapa km ke dalam dari Bukit Jeram (Edinburgh Geographical Institute, 1904 @ Yale University Library - Digital Collections: {{ :laman:selangor_federated_malay_states_1904_john_bartholomew_co_w.t._wood_chief_draftman._-_yale_university_library.pdf ||}}[[https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/15827242|"Selangor, Federated Malay States, 1904 / John Bartholomew & Co ; W.T. Wood, chief draftman"]]).\\ |
| //"TWO and HALF FATHOMS BANK may be considered the most dangerous part of the North sand, because it fronts the North side of the channel between the Arroas and Parcelar Hill. His Majesty's Ship Victor, anchored close to it, and examined it with her boats in January 1805, and found it to extend from N.N.W. to S.S.E. about 1½ mile, and about 1 mile from E.N.E. to W.S.W. Whn on it, Parcelar Hill bore E. 4½° S. and a Hill called False Parcelar N. 45° E. and the low land was just visible with the eye elevated 16 feet above the sea. From 2½ to 3 fathoms were the depths found on it at low water, and it appeared very hard, the lead frequently slipping into holes, as from a rock, but brought up only fine sand; around the bank, the depths increase from 4 and 5 to 10 and 11 fathoms, mostly hard bottom, and eddies may be seen if the tide is strong, when crossing the spit that projects from its southern extremity into the Channel. If a ship in borrowing toward the bank with a northerly wind, get soundings on this spit or tail of the 2½-Fathoms Bank, she ought not to go under 10 or 11 fathoms, but must edge out to the southward. Several ships have grounded upon the bank at different times, by running in the night, or by borrowing too close in the day, and were in great danger of being wrecked. It is situated in latitude 2° 54'N. and distant about 5 leagues from the low land at the South entrance of the strait of Callam. \\ | //"TWO and HALF FATHOMS BANK may be considered the most dangerous part of the North sand, because it fronts the North side of the channel between the Arroas and Parcelar Hill. His Majesty's Ship Victor, anchored close to it, and examined it with her boats in January 1805, and found it to extend from N.N.W. to S.S.E. about 1½ mile, and about 1 mile from E.N.E. to W.S.W. Whn on it, Parcelar Hill bore E. 4½° S. and a Hill called False Parcelar N. 45° E. and the low land was just visible with the eye elevated 16 feet above the sea. From 2½ to 3 fathoms were the depths found on it at low water, and it appeared very hard, the lead frequently slipping into holes, as from a rock, but brought up only fine sand; around the bank, the depths increase from 4 and 5 to 10 and 11 fathoms, mostly hard bottom, and eddies may be seen if the tide is strong, when crossing the spit that projects from its southern extremity into the Channel. If a ship in borrowing toward the bank with a northerly wind, get soundings on this spit or tail of the 2½-Fathoms Bank, she ought not to go under 10 or 11 fathoms, but must edge out to the southward. Several ships have grounded upon the bank at different times, by running in the night, or by borrowing too close in the day, and were in great danger of being wrecked. It is situated in latitude 2° 54'N. and distant about 5 leagues from the low land at the South entrance of the strait of Callam. \\ |
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| BLENHEIM'S SHOAL, bearing about N. by W. 3 leagues from the 2½-Fathoms Bank, and well in upon the North sand, was not known until His Majesty's ship Blenheim of 74 guns, Admiral Troubridge, by standing far over the sand, grounded, and was nearly lost; for although this happened during neap tides, they were obliged to lighten her by cutting away the masts, and taking out the guns, &c. before she could be hove off the shoal. Captain Bissell of that ship, gave the following account of the shoal, dated H.M.S. Blenheim aground, 6th of April 1806; "Peak of Salangore Hills N.56° E. another hill (probably False Parcelar) N. 66° E., Parcelar Hill E. 23° S., distant 8 ½ or 9 leagues, latitude observed 3° 03' N. It extends E.N.E. and W.S.W. about 1 3/4 mile, has only 6 and 7 feet in many places at low water neap tides, and consequently less on the springs."// | BLENHEIM'S SHOAL, bearing about N. by W. 3 leagues from the 2½-Fathoms Bank, and well in upon the North sand, was not known until His Majesty's ship Blenheim of 74 guns, Admiral Troubridge, by standing far over the sand, grounded, and was nearly lost; for although this happened during neap tides, they were obliged to lighten her by cutting away the masts, and taking out the guns, &c. before she could be hove off the shoal. Captain Bissell of that ship, gave the following account of the shoal, dated H.M.S. Blenheim aground, 6th of April 1806; "Peak of Salangore Hills N.56° E. another hill (probably False Parcelar) N. 66° E., Parcelar Hill E. 23° S., distant 8 ½ or 9 leagues, latitude observed 3° 03' N. It extends E.N.E. and W.S.W. about 1¾ mile, has only 6 and 7 feet in many places at low water neap tides, and consequently less on the springs."// |
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| (Sumber: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Horsburgh|James Horsburgh]], 1809-11 (Cambridge University Press, 2014): [[https://books.google.com.my/books?id=JT3JBAAAQBAJ|"Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, and the Interjacent Ports, Volume 2"]], m.s. 156-157). | (Sumber: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Horsburgh|James Horsburgh]], 1809-11 (Cambridge University Press, 2014): [[https://books.google.com.my/books?id=JT3JBAAAQBAJ|"Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, and the Interjacent Ports, Volume 2"]], m.s. 156-157). |
| ==== 1894: Kamus N.B. Dennys: Bukit Setinggi 936 Kaki ==== | ==== 1894: Kamus N.B. Dennys: Bukit Setinggi 936 Kaki ==== |
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| Menurut N.B. Dennys di dalam kamusnya, "False Parcelar" merujuk sebuah bukit setinggi 936 kaki, 5 batu dari pantai Selangor, 12.5 baru sebelah barat laut Klang, iaitu kemungkinan sekitar banjaran Bukit Panjang / Bukit Cherakah: //"False Parcelar - Hill 936 feet high, 5 miles from the coast of Selangor, about 12 1/2 miles N.W. of Klang."// (Nicholas Belfield (N.B.) Dennys, 1894: {{ :lampiran:adescriptivedic00denngoog.pdf ||}}[[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00denngoog/|"A Descriptive Dictionary of British Malaya]], m.s. 118). | Menurut N.B. Dennys di dalam kamusnya, "False Parcelar" merujuk sebuah bukit setinggi 936 kaki, 5 batu dari pantai Selangor, 12½ batu ke sebelah barat laut Klang, iaitu kemungkinan sekitar banjaran Bukit Panjang / Bukit Cherakah: //"False Parcelar - Hill 936 feet high, 5 miles from the coast of Selangor, about 12½ miles N.W. of Klang."// (Nicholas Belfield (N.B.) Dennys, 1894: {{ :lampiran:adescriptivedic00denngoog.pdf ||}}[[https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00denngoog/|"A Descriptive Dictionary of British Malaya]], m.s. 118). |
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| ==== 1904-1910: Peta W.T. Wood: Bukit Jeram dan False Parcellar (Bukit Cherakah) ==== | ==== 1904-1910: Peta W.T. Wood: Bukit Jeram dan False Parcellar (Bukit Cherakah) ==== |
| (Sumber: J. V. Mills, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society | (Sumber: J. V. Mills, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |
| Vol. 15, No. 3 (129) (December, 1937): {{ :buku:10.2307_41559895.pdf ||}}[[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41559895|"MALAYA IN THE WU-PEI-CHIH CHARTS"]], m.s. 10 (10.1-10.3), 16). | Vol. 15, No. 3 (129) (December, 1937): {{ :buku:10.2307_41559895.pdf ||}}[[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41559895|"MALAYA IN THE WU-PEI-CHIH CHARTS"]], m.s. 10 (10.1-10.3), 16). |
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| | Pendapat ini diulangi oleh Peter Borschberg (2015), ahli sejarah di National University of Singapore: //"False Parcelar Hill or present-day Bukit Panjang..."// (Peter Borschberg, 2015: [[https://nuspress.nus.edu.sg/products/2015-journal-memorials-and-letters-of-cornelis-matelieff-de-jonge-security-diplomacy-and-commerce-in-17th-century-southeast-asia|"Journal, Memorial and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge - Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th-century Southeast Asia"]], m.s.567). |
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| ==== 1970: Bukit Cherakah ==== | ==== 1970: Bukit Cherakah ==== |
| Sebahagian kecil daripada peta Mao Kun, menyoroti kawasan sekitar muara Sungai Klang (**#53**) dan tanda panduan utamanya Bukit Jugra / Parcellar (**#60**). Bukit di sebelah utara Sungai Klang (dalam peta, di sebelah kirinya) yang dikatakan Bukit Cherakah / False Parcellar oleh [[j_v_g_mills|J.V. Mills]], ditandakan merah (**#58: //"Chi-na-ta shan"//**). Antara tanda panduan lain yang berdekatan ialah (dari kiri): **#121**: Pulau Sembilan, **#393**: Kawasan beting pasir, dan **#84**: Tanjong Tuan / Cape Rachardo (Ma Huan (1433), terjemahan dan suntingan Feng Ch'eng-Chun (1935), dan [[j_v_g_mills|John Vivian Gottlieb (J. V. G.) Mills]], 1970: [[https://archive.org/details/ying-yai-sheng-lan-1433|"Ying-Yai Sheng-Lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' (1433)"]], m.s.187, 189, 191, 207, 208. Sumber peta: Dr Andrea Nanetti @ [[https://engineeringhistoricalmemory.com/MaoKunMap.php?hid=92394|Engineering Historical Memory]]). | Sebahagian kecil daripada peta Mao Kun, menyoroti kawasan sekitar muara Sungai Klang (**#53**) dan tanda panduan utamanya Bukit Jugra / Parcellar (**#60**). Bukit di sebelah utara Sungai Klang (dalam peta, di sebelah kirinya) yang dikatakan Bukit Cherakah / False Parcellar oleh [[j_v_g_mills|J.V. Mills]], ditandakan merah (**#58: //"Chi-na-ta shan"//**). Antara tanda panduan lain yang berdekatan ialah (dari kiri): **#121**: Pulau Sembilan, **#393**: Kawasan beting pasir, dan **#84**: Tanjong Tuan / Cape Rachardo (Ma Huan (1433), terjemahan dan suntingan Feng Ch'eng-Chun (1935), dan [[j_v_g_mills|John Vivian Gottlieb (J. V. G.) Mills]], 1970: [[https://archive.org/details/ying-yai-sheng-lan-1433|"Ying-Yai Sheng-Lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' (1433)"]], m.s.187, 189, 191, 207, 208. Sumber peta: Dr Andrea Nanetti @ [[https://engineeringhistoricalmemory.com/MaoKunMap.php?hid=92394|Engineering Historical Memory]]). |
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| Pendapat ini diulangi oleh Claude Guillot (2014) (ahli akademik Perancis yang mengkaji tinggalan sejarah kuno Barus): //"Dalam peta yang sama (Mao K'un) Chi-na ta shan "gunung besar Chi-na" terletak di Bukit Cherakah, sebuah tempat di utara kuala Sungai Kelang yang dinamakan "Parcelar yang tidak betul", karena yang betul adalah Bukit Jugra di selatan kuala yang sama. (Mills, Ma Huan..., op.cit.,hlm. 187,285;"Arab and Chinese navigators...",art. cit.,hlm. 13)."// (Claude Guillot, 2014: [[https://books.google.com.my/books?id=OL1hDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104|"Lobu Tua Sejarah Awal Barus", m.s.104]]). | Pendapat ini diulangi oleh Claude Guillot (2014), ahli akademik Perancis yang mengkaji tinggalan sejarah kuno Barus: //"Dalam peta yang sama (Mao K'un) Chi-na ta shan "gunung besar Chi-na" terletak di Bukit Cherakah, sebuah tempat di utara kuala Sungai Kelang yang dinamakan "Parcelar yang tidak betul", karena yang betul adalah Bukit Jugra di selatan kuala yang sama. (Mills, Ma Huan..., op.cit.,hlm. 187,285;"Arab and Chinese navigators...",art. cit.,hlm. 13)."// (Claude Guillot, 2014: [[https://books.google.com.my/books?id=OL1hDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104|"Lobu Tua Sejarah Awal Barus", m.s.104]]). |
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| ==== 1986: Bukit Panjang atau Bukit Cherakah? ==== | ==== 1986: Bukit Panjang atau Bukit Cherakah? ==== |
